Raw Materials for Yarn
The raw materials for yarn are generally divided into two types: short fibers and filament fibers. Short fiber yarn includes cotton yarn, hemp yarn, wool yarn, silk yarn, pure chemical fiber yarn, and blended yarn, among others. Filament fiber refers primarily to silk and chemical fiber filaments. Yarn can be made from one or more types of fibers, which are classified as either mono-fiber yarn or blended yarn.
1. Mono-Fiber Yarn
This type of yarn is spun from a single type of fiber, such as pure cotton yarn, pure wool yarn, or pure viscose yarn. Mono-fiber yarn is suitable for producing textiles that primarily showcase the basic properties of the fiber used.
2. Blended Yarn
Blended yarn is made by combining two or more different types of fibers. The purpose of blending is to combine the benefits of each fiber, enhance the yarn’s performance, and offer a wider range of colors. Examples include polyester-cotton blended yarn and wool-viscose fiber blended yarn.
The Process of Spinning:
1. Yarn Twisting: Twist, Twist Direction
The effect of yarn twist on fabric
| Yarn | Twist | Applications |
|---|---|---|
| Low twist yarn | below 300 | fleece, knitted fabrics, etc. |
| Medium twist yarn | 300~1000 | softer fabrics |
| Strong twist yarn | 1000~3000 | smoother fabrics, folded fabrics |
| Super Twist Yarn | over 3000 | folded fabrics |
The effect of yarn twist direction on fabric
| Direction of Twill | Twist Direction of Warp Yarn | Twist Direction of Weft Yarn | Twill Clarity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Right twill | S | Z | twill is not clear |
| Left twill | S | Z | twill is not clear |
| Right twill | Z | S | twill is not clear |
| Left twill | Z | S | twill is not clear |
| Right twill | S | S | clear warp twill |
| Left twill | S | S | clear weft twill |
| Right twill | Z | Z | clear weft twill |
| Left twill | Z | Z | clear warp twill |
2. Yarn Carding: Carded Yarn, Combed Yarn and Waste Yarn
Carded yarn is spun using a standard spinning process.
Combed yarn, made from high-quality fibers, undergoes an additional combing process compared to carded yarn. This results in straighter fiber alignment, increased yarn strength, enhanced luster, and fewer defects.
Waste yarn is produced using waste cotton from the spinning process as raw material. It is typically used for weaving coarse cotton blankets, thick pile fabrics, packaging cloth, and similar products.
3. Dyeing and Finishing of Yarn
| Classification | Description |
|---|---|
| Gray Yarn | Also called primary yarn, the yarn is not dyed and remains its original color of the fiber. |
| Bleached Yarn | The original color yarn becomes bleached yarn after the practice bleaching process. |
| Dyed Yarn | The raw yarn is dyed before the weaving process and used for color weaving. |
| Mercerized Yarn | The yarn is mercerized and divided into mercerized bleached yarn and mercerized dyed yarn. |
| Colored Spun Yarn | The fibers are dyed first, and then the colored fibers are spun into colored yarn. |
| Gassed Yarn | Yarns that are processed by burnishing and have a brighter surface. |
Morphological Structure of the Yarn:
1. Yarn Fineness / Yarn Count
Here, cotton-type yarn and wool-type yarn are used as examples to illustrate the division of yarn fineness.
| Classification | Cotton or Cotton type Yarn / Tex | Wool or Wool type Yarn / Nm |
|---|---|---|
| Extra Fine Yarn | ≤10 | ≥80 |
| Fine Yarn | 11~20 | 32~80 |
| Medium Yarn | 21~31 | — |
| Coarse Yarn | ≥32 | <32 |
Coarse Yarn (32 tex or more) is primarily used for weaving thick or pile cotton fabrics, such as coarse cloth, flannel, and strong tweed.
Medium Yarn (33–22 tex) is mainly used for weaving fabrics like plain cloth, twill, and tribute satin, with broader applications in cotton textiles.
Fine Yarn (21 tex and below) is primarily used for high-quality cotton fabrics, such as premium poplin, sweatshirts, and undershirts.
2. Yarn Morphology
Short Fibre Yarn
Short fiber yarns typically have a loose structure, which allows them to contain more air. They tend to be more textured and less lustrous, giving them a pleasant feel and good covering ability. Fabrics woven from short fiber yarns exhibit enhanced comfort and aesthetic qualities, along with adequate strength and uniformity.
Filament Yarns:
Filament yarn is made by twisting or combining one or more filaments, which can be either ordinary or deformed.
| Ordinary Filament Type | Features and Applications |
|---|---|
| Monofilament | Composed of a filament, the diameter size depends on the fineness of the fiber filament. It is generally used only for processing thin fabrics or knitted fabrics, such as nylon socks, face towels, etc. |
| Compound Filament | A compound filament is made from multiple monofilaments that are combined. Many silks are woven from compound filaments, such as plain soft satin and power spun. |
| Compound Twist Filament | Compound twisted filaments, such as silk crepe-like fabrics with compound twisted silk. |
| Deformed filament type | Features and Applications |
|---|---|
| High-stretch Yarn | High stretch, general fluffiness, suitable for elastic tight elastic shirt pants, elastic socks and other elastic fabrics, mainly nylon high-stretch silk. |
| Low-stretch Yarn | Moderate elasticity and fluffiness, suitable for taking fabrics and decorative fabrics with low elasticity requirement but good appearance, handfeel and dimensional stability. Polyester low-stretch yarn is the main material, and polypropylene low-stretch yarn is often used to make carpets. |
| Bulked Yarn | With low stretch and very high fluffiness, bulky yarn is fluffy in volume, rich in feel and elasticity, and is used for making fleece, imitation woolen tweed, knitted inner and outer garments and hats and scarves. A typical representative is an acrylic bulky yarn. |
| Network Filament | Some monofilaments produce periodic misalignment, bending and twisting, which increases the holding force and can replace twisting. This kind of silk feels soft and fluffy, imitates wool well, and is mostly used for ladies’ tweed. |
Filament yarn features a smooth surface, good luster, low friction, and poor covering ability. However, it offers excellent strength and uniformity, allowing for the creation of finer yarns. Fabrics woven from filament yarn are smooth and cool to the touch, with a bright luster, even texture, and flat appearance. Additionally, these fabrics demonstrate superior strength and abrasion resistance compared to those made from short fiber yarn.
Fancy Yarns
In addition to short fiber yarns and filament yarns, a category of fancy yarns is produced to enhance the appearance of fabrics and improve their functional properties.
Fancy yarns are characterized by their unique appearance, texture, and structure, achieved through various methods, often featuring diverse colors and shapes. These yarns enhance the visual appeal of fabrics and improve certain functional properties.
Uses of Yarns
1. Warp Yarn: Used as warp yarn for weaving, it must possess high strength and an appropriate twist, as it experiences significant tension and friction during the weaving process.
2. Weft Yarn: Used as weft yarn for weaving, it endures less tension and friction compared to warp yarn, resulting in lower strength requirements. However, it must maintain a certain level of softness and twist stability, with minimal twist.
3. Knitting Yarn: This type of yarn should be soft and smooth, allowing for easy knitting or crocheting. Consequently, knitting yarn is clean, even, and has a lower twist than warp and weft yarn.
4. Cheese: Yarn that comes off the winder, wound in the form of a tube roll.
5. Reeled Yarn: Yarn that is wound from cheese yarn into a specified length and number of turns. For example, a length of cotton reeled yarn measuring 1,000 meters is referred to as “one reel.” Its shape is suitable for inspection and dyeing processes, making it easy to pack, transport, and store.
Fill Up The Form :